Source Code

def main():
    print("Main Function")
    print("Menu")
    print("E1 - Example 1")
    print("Q -  Quit")
    choice = input("Choice: ")
    match choice:
        case "E1":
            example1()
        case "E2":
            example2()
        case "E3":
            example3()
        case "E4":
            example4()
        case "E5":
            dict = {}
            print("Before: " + str(dict))
            example5(dict)
            print("After: " + str(dict))
        case "E6":
            example6()
        case "E7":
            example7()
        case "Q":
            print("Quitting!")
        # default case
        case _:
            print("Invalid, try again!")

# define Example 1 Function


def example1():
    print("Example 1")
    cs_terms = {
        'Algorithm': 'A step-by-step process to solve a problem.',
        'Data Structure': 'A way to organize and store data efficiently.',
        'Big O Notation': 'Notation expressing algorithm complexity.',
        'Recursion': 'A function calling itself to solve a problem.',
        'Encapsulation': 'Bundling data and methods in a single unit.',
    }
    # use a loop to print the keys and values
    print("Key\tValue")
    for key in cs_terms:
        print(key + "\t" + cs_terms[key])

    # number of elements
    print("Number of Elements: " + str(len(cs_terms)))

    # convert keys to a list
    cs_keys = list(cs_terms.keys())
    print("Keys: " + str(cs_keys))

    # convert values to a list
    cs_values = list(cs_terms.values())
    print("Values: " + str(cs_values))

# define Example 2 Function
def example2():
    print("Example 2")
    # create an empty dictionary
    states = {}
    # add a key/value pair
    states["NJ"] = "New Jersey"
    # print the value of states
    print(states)
    # add another key/value pair
    states["NY"] = "New York"
    print(states)
    # delete a key/value pair
    del states["NY"]
    print(states)
    # search for a key
    search = input("Enter a state abbreviation: ")
    if search in states:
        print(search + " is an abbreviation for " + states[search])
    else:
        print(search + " is not in the dictionary")

def example3():
    print("Example 3")
    # declare gradebook
    gradebook = {
        'Alice' : [92, 85, 100],
        'Bob' : [83, 95, 79],
        'Charlie' : [97, 91, 92],
    }
    # initialize accumulator variables
    grades_total = 0
    grades_count = 0

    # for loop to traverse the grades for each student
    for name, grades in gradebook.items():
        total = sum(grades)
        print("Average for " + name + " " + str(total/len(grades)))
        grades_total += total
        grades_count += len(grades)

    # print the class average
    print("Class average is: " + str(grades_total/grades_count))

# define Example 4 Function
def example4():
    print("Example 4")
    towns = {
        'Elizabeth': {'Population': 128885, 'County': 'Union'},
        'Hoboken': {'Population': 50000, 'County': 'Hudson'},
        'Asbury Park': {'Population': 15860, 'County': 'Monmouth'}
    }

    # print Hoboken's Population
    print("Hoboken's Population: " + str(towns["Hoboken"]["Population"]))

    # update Hoboken's Population
    towns["Hoboken"]["Population"] = 50001

    # add an element
    towns["Newark"] = {'Population': 305344, 'County': 'Essex'}

    # Delete an element
    del towns["Asbury Park"]

    # print the dictionary used nested loops
    for town, details in towns.items():
        print("Town: " + town)
        for info, value in details.items():
            print(info + ": " + str(value))
        print()

# define Example 5 Function
def example5(d):
    d['pass by'] = 'reference'

# define Example 6 Function
def example6():
    print("Example 6")
    # create a set
    set1 = {'a', 'b', 'c'}
    set2 = set(['c', 'd', 'e'])
    # traverse a set
    for s in set1:
        print(s)
    # set operations
    print("Union: " + str(set1 | set2))
    print("Intersection: " + str(set1 & set2))
    print("Difference: " + str(set1 - set2))
    # symmetric difference
    print(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))

# define Example 7 Function
def example7():
    print("Example 7")
    set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4}
    set2 = {3, 4}
    # issubset()
    print(set1.issubset(set2))
    print(set2.issubset(set1))
    # issuperset()
    print(set1.issuperset(set2))
    print(set2.issuperset(set1))

main()